Role of biostatistics in medical research

State of biostatistics in medical education and research in Pakistan.

Recent change in medical and health education and research strategy has demanded inclusion of statistics as a core course in the field. Previously, at global level, cure of diseases and inventions of medicines through case studies was a health strategy. However, WHO in seventies changed the strategy to prevention ratherthan cure. For initiating preventive measures basic knowledge about interrel...

TUTORIAL IN BIOSTATISTICS Kappa coe cients in medical research

Kappa coe cients are measures of correlation between categorical variables often used as reliability or validity coe cients. We recapitulate development and de nitions of the K (categories) by M (ratings) kappas (K ×M), discuss what they are wellor ill-designed to do, and summarize where kappas now stand with regard to their application in medical research. The 2×M (M¿2) intraclass kappa seems ...

Medical Biostatistics 2

role of cultural iran in promotion of multilaieralism in central asia and caucasus

cultural iran is a scope that is more extended than the political territories of iran as a political unit. this concept means that cultural geography(mehdi moghanlo-1383-1) of iran is greater than its political geography which, according to history, has a long history extending west-east from kandahar to the euphrates and north-south from the persian gulf to the caucasus including transoxiana a...

on the status of mixed methods research in applied linguistics

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